1. Obstruction in the Barrel:
   
   
   • A blocked barrel, such as from mud, snow, or a lodged projectile, can cause excessive pressure to build up when firing, leading to an explosion.
2. Overloaded or Improper Handloads:
   
   
   • Using handloaded ammunition with too much powder or incorrect components can create dangerously high pressure levels.
   • Firing ammunition that is not designed for your specific shotgun (e.g., using magnum loads in a non-magnum firearm) can also cause overpressure.
3. Damaged or Weak Barrel:
   
   
   • A barrel that is corroded, dented, or otherwise compromised may not withstand normal firing pressures, leading to a rupture.
4. Ammunition Defects:
   
   
   • Defective factory ammunition, such as rounds with double powder charges or improperly seated projectiles, can cause excessive pressure.
5. Firing the Wrong Ammunition:
   
   
   • Using ammunition of the wrong gauge (e.g., a 20-gauge shell in a 12-gauge shotgun) can cause a catastrophic failure, as the smaller shell may lodge in the barrel, obstructing it.
6. Excessive Wear and Tear:
   
   
   • A shotgun that is heavily used and not properly maintained may develop weaknesses in the barrel, chamber, or action, increasing the risk of failure.
7. Improper Modifications:
   
   
   • Unauthorized or poorly executed modifications to the shotgun, such as altering the chamber or barrel, can compromise its structural integrity.
8. Overheating:
   
   
   • Rapid, continuous firing without allowing the barrel to cool can weaken the metal, increasing the risk of a rupture.
9. Corrosion or Rust:
   
   
   • Severe corrosion inside the barrel or chamber can thin the metal, making it more susceptible to failure under pressure.

Prevention Tips:

• Always inspect your shotgun and ammunition before use.
• Ensure the barrel is clear of obstructions.
• Use only ammunition that is appropriate for your shotgun.
• Avoid using damaged or corroded firearms.
• Have your shotgun regularly inspected and maintained by a qualified gunsmith.
• Avoid making unauthorized modifications to your firearm.